Since Gagarin entered outer space for the first time and Armstrong left his first footprints on the moon, mankind has never stopped exploring the unknown space. And 2020 is a very pleasant year for space exploration:
NASA successfully launched a Mars rover and successfully grabbed samples from an asteroid 200 million miles away; SpaceX has successfully launched 25 times, with 854 spacecraft in orbit, and assisted NASA in sending astronauts to the International Space Station twice.
Domestically, fruitful results have also been achieved. The Beidou-3 system has completed the network construction, the new generation of manned test spacecraft has successfully completed the flight test, the Tianwen-1 Mars probe flew around Mars, and the Chang'e-5 probe realized the first moon sampling.
According to statistics from the US "Space" website, there were 114 space launch missions worldwide in 2020, with a launch success rate of 92%. Earlier this year, Bezos announced to focus on chasing "space dreams", Sequoia Capital announced its investment in SpaceX, and NASA's Perseverance Mars rover successfully landed on Mars.
A series of breakthroughs announced the arrival of the great aerospace era. This time, private enterprises and capital played a key role.
The enthusiasm of capital and enterprises for aerospace is closely related to SpaceX's industry appeal.
SpaceX was founded in 2002 to reuse first-class rockets and spacecraft to reduce the cost of space exploration. Due to the personal controversy of the founder Musk and the innovative concept of colonizing Mars, SpaceX has continued to receive market attention since its birth.
In 2015, SpaceX successfully achieved rocket recovery, and in 2020, SpaceX’s Crew Dragon spacecraft successfully returned to Earth. In addition, SpaceX's "Starlink" plan (that is, to build a "Starlink" network consisting of approximately 12,000 satellites in space between 2019 and 2024 to provide high-speed Internet access services to the earth from space) is also continuing to advance . As of January this year, SpaceX has launched more than 1,000 communication satellites.
The launch of low-cost rockets has been achieved, the global broadband communications market continues to be deployed, and the break-even is expected to be achieved...SpaceX has shown the market the vast "money scene" of commercial aerospace, and the sensitive capital has already been intensively entered.
According to a research report by Space Angels, an early investment institution in the aerospace industry, since 2009, a total of 535 startups in the global aerospace industry have received approximately US$25.7 billion in financing. In 2019 alone, 178 startups around the world received approximately US$5.8 billion in financing, an increase of 38% over the previous year and accounting for 23% of the total financing amount over the past year. Among them, 55% of the funds went to the United States.
SpaceX, which comes with its own star halo, is clearly a favorite of investors. Since 2006, SpaceX has completed 17 financings, with investors including Bank of America, Red Shirt Capital, Google and other top capital or Internet giants. Currently, SpaceX is valued at approximately US$74 billion, making it the world's highest-valued commercial aerospace company.
Tesla Roadster was brought into space by SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket
The commercial aerospace industry in the United States is in full swing, and the development of the domestic commercial aerospace industry and the investment and financing boom are also surging forward. In this process, policy support has played a key role.
In 2014, the State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions on Encouraging Social Capital in Investment and Financing Mechanisms in Key Fields of Innovation". Since then, the policy door for space business has been opened to private enterprises. Since then, the State Council has issued the "Thirteenth Five-Year" National Strategic Emerging Industry Development Plan. In April last year, satellite Internet was included for the first time in the category of "new infrastructure", communication network infrastructure.
According to incomplete statistics, from 2015 to 2019, about 200 investment and financing incidents occurred in my country's commercial aerospace industry, and the industry's accumulated financing exceeded 10 billion yuan. In 2020, Interstellar Glory and Blue Arrow Aerospace have successively received 1.192.5 billion yuan in B round financing and 1.2 billion yuan in C+ round financing. Galaxy Aerospace, which is valued at nearly 8 billion yuan, has become the first in my country's commercial aerospace and satellite Internet fields. A unicorn company.
Almost all head capitals have participated in the domestic commercial aerospace boom. Sequoia China, Jingwei China, Shunwei Capital, Legend Capital, and CICC Capital are all industry investors. And Tencent, which has an "astronomy fan" boss, is even more interested in commercial aerospace.
As early as 2015, Tencent participated in the A round of financing of the Argentine space technology company Satellogic, and subsequently increased the financing twice. On November 6, 2020, 10 Satellogic’s satellites took off from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center on the Long March 6 rocket and successfully entered orbit.
In recent years, Tencent has also cooperated with domestic private enterprises, such as the launch of the "WeEarth Super Earth" platform with the Aerospace Seahawk Satellite Operations Division of Aerospace Science and Industry. The platform plans to build an Earth observation network including 300 satellites within a few years, and through its "exclusive satellite" services, provide remote sensing service experience for government agencies, scientific research institutes, and technology companies.
In general, capital's enthusiasm for commercial aerospace is not only a preemptive deployment of cutting-edge technology, but also the possibility of commercial aerospace financial returns. In January this year, Interstellar Glory plans to be listed on the Science and Technology Innovation Board, or it will become the "first share of Chinese private rockets." As the IPO of commercial aerospace companies becomes possible, capital also has a new exit path.
From big navigation to big space
Unlike the national narrative of the aerospace industry in the past, it has now entered the era of space racing belonging to private enterprises.
In the United States, in addition to emerging startups such as SpaceX and OneWeb, veteran airline Boeing and technology giants such as Google, Amazon and Facebook have all entered the commercial aerospace field. In China, as of the end of 2020, there have been more than 15,000 aerospace-related companies in China, and the industrial chain of the commercial aerospace industry is also improving:
In July 2019, the Hyperbola One of Interstellar Glory, the Yaoyi Changan Auchan carrier rocket successfully put the satellite into orbit. This is the first domestic private rocket that has successfully entered orbit;
In December 2020, Blue Arrow Aerospace's needle-bolt injector was successfully tested. This means that the rocket launch has been upgraded from no return to reusable, and the cost of rocket launch is lower and more efficient;
In January 2021, Yinhe Aerospace successfully launched a low-orbit broadband satellite with a rate of up to 10Gbps.
In general, China's civil aerospace industry has overcome basic technical difficulties and achieved a 0 to 1 breakthrough. Correspondingly, capital is gradually moving closer to companies with more innovative strength and complete industrial chain layout, and the head effect is emerging. The major private rocket companies are also positioning themselves differently.
Compared with the more concentrated rocket market, the industry chain links and application directions corresponding to the satellite market in the downstream of the industry are emerging more market segment opportunities.
The commercial aerospace boom actually reflects the market's unremitting pursuit of more efficient information services and even moving to space. As the infrastructure corresponding to the upgrading of the information industry, commercial aerospace needs to make information service coverage wider, faster transmission speed, lower cost, and richer in forms. However, in the case of very limited orbital height range and high frequency bands, satellite orbit The competition with frequency will become increasingly fierce.
In addition to traditional aerospace applications such as communications, navigation, remote sensing, and scientific research, the rise of commercial aerospace has also brought new industrial directions, such as satellite Internet, space travel, space mining, and longer-term space base construction and migration to Mars. With the development and extension of application fields, the number of satellites in the world will be far from meeting the demand.
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Behind the opportunity is a huge market. According to data from the Prospective Industry Research Institute, from 2015 to 2019, the scale of my country's commercial aerospace market has shown an overall growth trend year by year, reaching 836.23 billion yuan in 2019, an increase of 23.5% year-on-year. Industry insiders predict that my country's commercial aerospace market is expected to usher in a trillion-level market.
In the book "Civilization, Modernization, Value Investment, and China", Li Lu uses a lot of pen and ink to explain the epoch-making significance of discovering the American continent. In the view of this "Chinese Buffett", the significance of Columbus's going to sea is to promote the formation of the circum-Atlantic trade circle and provide the basis for the West to break through the agricultural economic bottleneck and enter the 3.0 civilization.
Nowadays, globalization is commonplace, and human beings have set their sights on the broader sea of stars. Exploring space sounds romantic, but for industry participants and investors, a new round of market competition has begun.
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